Yellow book chapter on meningococcal disease cdcs health information. This includes both the a, c, w and y immunization and the b vaccination. Cdc, centers for disease control and prevention, brunette, gary w. Although meningococcal outbreaks can occur anywhere in the world, they are most common in the african meningitis belt, and largescale epidemics occur every. Meningitis is an inflammation of the membranes meninges surrounding your brain and spinal cord. Countryspecific risk guidelines for yellow fever and malaria, including expert recommendations and 26 detailed, countrylevel maps. Other symptoms include confusion or altered consciousness, vomiting, and an inability to tolerate light or loud noises. Meningitis vaccination is recommended for individuals over 11yearsold. Meningococcal disease yellow book bacterial meningitis.
Criteria for clinics providing yellow fever vaccinations pdf. Meningococcal disease is typically diagnosed by isolation of n. Jun 25, 2019 cdc yellow book 2020 by centers for disease control and prevention cdc, 9780190928933, available at book depository with free delivery worldwide. Japanese encephalitis, meningococcal meningitis, and schistosomiasis guidelines for selftreating common travel conditions, including altitude illness, jet lag, motion sickness, and travelers diarrhea. Other, rarer causes of meningitis include fungi, parasites, and noninfectious causes, including those that are related to drugs. Tickborne encephalitis tbe virus is a singlestranded rna virus that belongs to the genus flavivirus. The cdc yellow book offers everything travelers and healthcare providers need to know for safe and healthy travel abroad. The yellow book is produced every two years, and is published through a unique collaboration between the centers for disease control and prevention. Phylogenetic analyses suggest these viruses nested within the. Outbreak of meningitis causing health officials to. This time last year public health officials were grappling with a meningitis outbreak linked to fungus found in tainted medication now officials are trying to rein in a different outbreak of meningitis, more specifically meningococcal disease, popping up on a college campus, including princeton university.
However, injuries, cancer, certain drugs, and other types of infections also can cause meningitis. A bacterial or viral infection of the fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord usually causes the swelling. Aseptic meningitis is a syndrome of multiple etiologies, but many cases are caused by a viral agent. Cdc yellow book 2020 by centers for disease control and prevention cdc, 9780190928933. Nov 30, 2017 according to the centers for disease control and prevention cdc, the symptoms of meningitis can appear either suddenly or over a few days. Princeton weighs offering vaccine in meningitis outbreak. Viral meningitis can also be a complication of mumps, chickenpox, or other viral diseases. We report epidemic and viral information for 10 of these patients, 6 of whom had been vaccinated before travel. Travel vaccines and advice for kenya passport health. A beloved travel musthave for the intrepid wanderer. Bacterial meningitis, formerly called spinal meningitis, is a very serious and potentially fatal infection.
This is normally caused by infection but can also have noninfectious causes. For more information on vaccine recommendations and meningococcal disease, visit our meningitis website. Meningococcal disease answers are found in the cdc yellow book powered by unbound medicine. A couple weeks later, the patient feels sick headache, fever and suddenly uncomfortable in bright light. The yellow book is produced every two years, and is published through a unique collaboration between. The most common symptoms are fever, headache, and neck stiffness. Health information for international travel cdc health information for international travel cdc, centers for disease control and prevention, brunette, gary w. Vaccines for the international traveler minnesota dept. According to the centers for disease control and prevention cdc, the symptoms of meningitis can appear either suddenly or over a few days. Cdc yellow book 2020 health information for international travel centers for disease control and prevention cdc, editor in chief. The swelling from meningitis typically triggers symptoms such as headache, fever and a stiff neck. Meningococcal resources centers for disease control and. For both international travelers and the health professionals who care for them, cdc health information for international travel more commonly known as the yellow book is the definitive guide to staying healthy and safe anywhere in the world.
Cdc yellow book 2020 health information for international. Bacterial meningitis is very serious and can be deadly. Cases of bacterial meningitis caused by haemophilus influenzae, neisseria meningitidis, group a streptococcus, and listeria monocytogenes should be reported to cdcs national notifiable diseases surveillance system under the disease codes specific for these organisms. Information on this website is available in alternative formats upon request. One case sparks national action imagine a patient goes to the doctor for a routine steroid injection. Signs and symptoms of meningococcal meningitis are indistinguishable from those associated with acute meningitis caused by other meningeal pathogens eg, streptococcus pneumoniae. The definitive reference for travel medicine, updated for 2020. The red book is the preeminent resource on pediatric infectious disease.
Travelers or others who could be exposed to meningitis should also be vaccinated this includes. Countryspecific risk guidelines for yellow fever and malaria, including expert recommendations and 26 detailed, countrylevel maps detailed maps showing distribution of travelrelated illnesses, including dengue, japanese encephalitis, meningococcal meningitis, and schistosomiasis guidelines for selftreating. The inflammation is usually caused by an infection of the fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord. Meningococcal disease what meningococcal disease is meningococcal disease is illness caused by the bacterium neisseria meningitidis, also known as meningococcal bacteria. Meningitis occurs when the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord become inflamed. Meningococcal disease is a type of illness caused by neisseria meningitidis bacteria.
Meningitis is also referred to as spinal meningitis. Meningococcal meningitis is characterized by sudden onset of headache, fever, and stiffness of the neck, sometimes accompanied by nausea, vomiting, photophobia, or altered mental status. These include hepatitis a monovalent, typhoid injectable, polio inactivated, cholera, and quadrivalent acwy meningococcal meningitis vaccines see the. Back to top rent cdc yellow book 2020 1st edition 9780190065973 today, or search our site for other textbooks by centers for disease control and prevention cdc.
Disease outbreak control division viral meningitis. Journal of hospital infectionthe cdc yellow book offers everything travelers and healthcare providers need to know for safe and healthy travel abroad. Meningitis is an infection of the fluids that line the brain and spinal cord. Long the most trusted book of its kind, the cdc yellow book is an essential resource in an everchanging field and an everchanging world.
A gram stain of cerebrospinal fluid csf showing gramnegative diplococci strongly suggests meningococcal meningitis. Only cases of bacterial meningitis caused by organisms other than those specified should be reported as cases of. Meningitis can be caused by many different germs including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. The virus is maintained in an enzootic cycle between mosquitoes and amplifying vertebrate hosts, primarily pigs and wading birds.
Except for the rare case of herpes meningitis, viral meningitis will resolve on its own after 7 to 10 days. Je virus is transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected mosquito, primarily culex species. In severe and fatal cases of meningococcal meningitis, raised intracranial pressure is a. During march and april 2016, 11 yellow fever cases were identified in china. Meningitis about bacterial meningitis infection cdc. Viral meningitis is an infection of the tissues covering the brain caused by one of several types of viruses. Measles rubeola yellow book meningitis meningococcal disease cdc recommends this vaccine for travelers who plan to visit parts of senegal located in the meningitis belt during the dry season decemberjune, when the disease is most common. Many people confuse meningitis and meningococcal disease. Most cases of meningitis in the united states are caused by a viral infection, but bacterial, parasitic and fungal infections are other causes. Approximately 40% of people with meningococcal disease present with meningococcal sepsis, known as meningococcemia. However, sensitivity of bacterial culture may be low, particularly when performed after initiation of antibiotic therapy. Yes, some vaccines are recommended or required for kenya. Now in its 31st edition, it provides the most uptodate information on a wide variety of infectious diseases that physicians encounter in children. Rent cdc yellow book 2020 health information for international travel 1st edition 9780190065973 and save up to 80% on textbook rentals and 90% on used textbooks.
However, permanent disabilities such as brain damage, hearing loss, and learning disabilities can result from the infection. Bacterial meningitis in the united states, 19982007 external icon. In severe and fatal cases of meningococcal meningitis, raised intracranial pressure is a predominant presenting feature. Written by the top experts in the field and edited by the committee on infectious diseases of the american academy of. Meningococcal disease cdc yellow book relief central. Young children often exhibit only nonspecific symptoms, such as. Other causes of meningitis include viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites, amoebas and injuries. In 2011, the cdc reported the incident rate of bacterial meningitis had declined by nearly onethird over the last decade, due in part to the introduction of a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine that protects children from streptococcus pneumoniae. Criteria for clinics providing yellow fever vaccinations. Meningococcal infections red book 2015 red book online. Health information for international travel cdc health information for international travel. The cdc and who recommend the following vaccinations for kenya.
Cdc s yellow book health information for international travel is published every two years as a resource for health professionals providing care. Cdc yellow book 2020 hardcover centers for disease. The impact of global partnerships in fighting bacterial meningitis. They normally emerge in 3 to 7 days after infection. Most individuals are exposed to these viruses at some point in their lives, but few people get viral meningitis. Meningococcal vaccination is required for travelers entering saudi arabia for the annual.
May 20, 2019 viral meningitis due to enterovirus peaks in midsummer through early autumn. Viral meningitis occurs more often in children than in adults. Journal of hospital infection the cdc yellow book offers everything travelers and healthcare providers need to know for safe and healthy travel abroad. Meningitis meningococcal vaccination passport health. Japanese encephalitis je virus is a singlestranded rna virus that belongs to the genus flavivirus and is closely related to west nile and saint louis encephalitis viruses. Centers for disease control and prevention office of public health scientific services ophss center for surveillance, epidemiology, and laboratory services csels division of health informatics and surveillance dhis national notifiable diseases surveillance system nndss. Meningitis is an acute inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, known collectively as the meninges.
Meningococcal disease generally occurs 110 days after exposure and presents as meningitis in. Measles rubeola yellow book meningitis meningococcal disease cdc recommends this vaccine for travelers who plan to visit parts of benin located in the meningitis belt during the dry season decemberjune, when the disease is most common. Table of contents 2020 yellow book travelers health cdc. Before there was a vaccine, hib disease was the leading cause of bacterial meningitis in children under 5 years of age in the u. There are three types of meningococcal vaccines available in the us, and. Cdc recommends this vaccine for travelers who plan to visit parts of mali located in the. May 27, 2005 the cdc recommends children receive a newly approved meningitis vaccine at ages 1112 or before high school or college the meningitis vaccine called menactra meningitis vaccine. The fully revised and updated cdc yellow book 2020 compiles the us governments most current travel health guidelines. Cdc yellow book 2020 paperback centers for disease. In general, livevirus vaccines mmr, varicella, yellow fever should be. Meningitis is a disease caused by the inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord known as the meninges. Epidemiology and prevention of vaccinepreventable diseases. Hib can lead to meningitis infection of the brain and spinal cord coverings.
Meningitis is an infection of the tissues that cover the brain and spinal cord. Meningitis is an inflammation of the membranes meninges that cover the brain and spinal cord. Viral infections are the most common cause of meningitis. Cdcs yellow book health information for international travel is published every two years as a resource for health professionals providing care to international travelers. May 30, 2018 meningitis occurs when the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord become inflamed. Required vaccines include meningitis see below andfor anyone arriving from a yellow feverendemic countryyellow fever.
The 1990 case definition appearing on this page was republished in the 1997 mmwr recommendations and reports titled case definitions for infectious conditions under public health surveillance. Meningococcal disease in cdc health information for international travelers yellow book. This is normally caused by infection but can also have non. Viral meningitis also called aseptic meningitis is the most common type of meningitis. Cdcs yellow book health information for international travel is published every two years as a resource for health professionals providing care. Meningitis is an inflammation swelling of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord. May 27, 2005 may 27, 2005 the cdc recommends children receive a newly approved meningitis vaccine at ages 1112 or before high school or college the meningitis vaccine called menactra meningitis vaccine. Publishers weekly a truly excellent and comprehensive resource.
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